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Location Comparison

Part 1

Type of company

Common or Civil Law

Shelf Company Availability

Time to Incorporate

Minimum annual licence, duty or franchise fee

Part 2

Annual return filing fee

Taxation

Disclosure of beneficial ownership

Bearer shares permitted

Minimum paid up capital

Part 3

Standard authorised share capital

Permitted currencies of capital

Minimum number of shareholders or equity participants

Minimum number of directors

Corporate directors permitted

Part 4

Local directors required

Company secretary required

Company seal required

Public register of directors

Public register of shareholders

Part 5

Location of directors meetings

Location of shareholders meetings

Telephone board meetings permitted

Double taxation treaty access

Requirement to submit accounts

Part 6

Requirement to file annual return

Change in domicile permitted

Time Zone GMT +/-

 


Jurisdiction

Type of company

Common or
Civil Law

Shelf Company
Availability

Time to
Incorporate

Minimum annual licence,
duty or franchise fee

Bahamas

IBC

Common

Yes

2 days

$ 100

Belize

IBC

Common

Yes

1 day

$ 100

Bermuda

Exempt

Common

No

15 days

$ 1695

British Virgin Islands

IBC

Common

Yes

2 days

$ 300

Cayman Islands

Exempt

Common

Yes

2 days

$ 500

Cook Islands

IBC

Common

Yes

3 days

$ 700

Cyprus

Offshore

Common

Yes

5 days

Not applicable

Delaware - USA

LLC

Common

Yes

2 days

Not applicable

Delaware - USA

C Corporation

Common

Yes

2 days

Minimum $ 30

Gibraltar

Exempt

Common

Yes

5 days

£ 225

Gibraltar

Non resident

Common

Yes

5 days

Not applicable

Hong Kong

Private limited

Common

Yes

10 days

$ 300

Ireland

Non resident

Common

Yes

10 days

Not applicable

Isle of Man

Exempt

Common

Yes

1 day

£ 400

Isle of Man

Non resident

Common

Yes

1 day

£ 750

Jersey

Exempt

Common

No

5 days

£ 600

Liechtenstein

AG

Civil

No

15 days

CHF 1000

Liechtenstein

Anstalt

Civil

No

15 days

CHF 1000

Luxembourg

1929 Holding

Civil

No

15 days

0.2% of capital

Luxembourg

1990 SOPARFI Holding

Civil

No

15 days

Not applicable

Madeira

Limitada

Civil

Yes

60 days

$ 1000

Madeira

SA

Civil

Yes

60 days

$ 1000

Malta

ITC/IHC

Civil

No

5 days

Not applicable

Mauritius

International

Hybrid

Yes

1 day

$ 100

Mauritius

Offshore

Hybrid

No

15 days

$ 1500

Netherlands Antilles

Offshore Trading

Civil

No

10 days

$ 60

Netherlands Antilles

Offshore Investment

Civil

No

10 days

$ 60

Nevis

NBCO

Common

Yes

2 days

$ 200

Niue

IBC

Common

Yes

2 days

$ 150

Panama

Non resident

Civil

Yes

2 days

$ 150

Samoa

International

Common

Yes

2 days

$ 300

Seychelles

IBC

Common

Yes

2 hours

$ 100

Switzerland

AG

Civil

No

8 - 10 days

Varies

Switzerland

GmbH

Civil

No

8 - 10 days

Varies

Turks & Caicos

Exempt

Common

Yes

2 days

$ 300

UK Ltd

Resident

Common

Yes

1-8 days

Not applicable

UK PLC

Resident

Common

Yes

1-8 days

Not applicable

Vanuatu

International

Hybrid

Yes

2 days

$ 300

Note: For detailed information and clarification of taxation liabilities see jurisdiction information


[ Back to top ]


Jurisdiction

Annual return
filing fee

Taxation

Disclosure of
beneficial ownership

Bearer shares
permitted

Minimum paid
up capital

Bahamas

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Belize

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Bermuda

Not applicable

Nil

Yes

No

$ 1

British Virgin Islands

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Cayman Islands

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Cook Islands

Nil

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Cyprus

Nil

4.25%

Yes

No

CY£ 1000

Delaware - USA

$ 100

Fiscally transparent

No

No

Not applicable

Delaware - USA

$ 20

Yes

No

No

$ 1

Gibraltar

£ 26

Nil

Yes

No

£ 100

Gibraltar

£ 26

Nil

No

Yes

£ 1

Hong Kong

$ 13

Nil on Foreign Profits

No

No

HK$ 2

Ireland

£ 30

Nil

Yes

No

£ 2

Isle of Man

£ 45

Nil

No

No (Bearer warrants possible)

£ 1

Isle of Man

£ 120

Nil

No

No (Bearer warrants possible)

£ 1

Jersey

£ 120

Nil

Yes

No

£ 2

Liechtenstein

Not applicable

4% coupon tax on
dividends and an
annual capital tax
of 0.1%

No

Yes

CHF 50k

Liechtenstein

Not applicable

Annual capital tax
of 0.1%

No

No

CHF 30k

Luxembourg

Nil

Nil

No

Yes

FLUX 1.25M

Luxembourg

Nil

Normal rates

No

Yes

FLUX 1.25M

Madeira

Not applicable

Nil

No

No

ESC 400k

Madeira

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

ESC 5M

Malta

From Lm 50

Credits/Refunds

No

No

Lm 500, 20% paid up

Mauritius

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Mauritius

Nil

15% or 0-35%

Yes

No

$ 2

Netherlands Antilles

Not applicable

4.8% on $ 56k 6% on balance

No

Yes

$ 6000

Netherlands Antilles

Not applicable

2.4% on $ 56k 3% on balance

No

Yes

$ 6000

Nevis

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Niue

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Panama

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Samoa

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

Nil

Seychelles

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

Switzerland

Not applicable

Nil on foreign profits

No

Yes

Normally CHF 100k

Switzerland

Not applicable

Nil on foreign profits

No

No

Normally CHF 100k

Turks & Caicos

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

$ 1

UK Ltd

£ 15

24% to 33%

No

No (Bearer warrants possible)

£ 1

UK PLC

£ 15

24% to 33%

No

No

£ 12.5k

Vanuatu

Not applicable

Nil

No

Yes

One unit of currency of capital

Note: For detailed information and clarification of taxation liabilities see jurisdiction information


[ Back to top ]


Jurisdiction

Standard authorised
share capital

Permitted
currencies of capital

Minimum number
of shareholders or
equity participants

Minimum number
of directors

Corporate directors
permitted

Bahamas

$ 5000

Any

1

1

Yes

Belize

$ 50k

Any

1

1

Yes

Bermuda

$ 12k

Bermuda $

1

2

No

British Virgin Islands

$ 50k

Any

1

1

Yes

Cayman Islands

$ 50k

Any

1

1

Yes

Cook Islands

Not applicable

Any

1

1

Yes

Cyprus

$ 50k

Cyprus Pound

2

1

Yes

Delaware - USA

Not applicable

US Dollar

Normally 2

1 manager

Not applicable

Delaware - USA

$ 150k

Not applicable

1

1

No

Gibraltar

£ 2,000

Any

1

1

Yes

Gibraltar

£ 2,000

Any

1

1

Yes

Hong Kong

HK$ 1000

Any

2

2

Yes

Ireland

£ 1M

Any

2

2

No

Isle of Man

£ 2,000

Any

1

2

No

Isle of Man

£ 2,000

Any

1

2

No

Jersey

£ 10k

Any

2

1

No

Liechtenstein

CHF 50k

Swiss Franc

1

1

Yes

Liechtenstein

CHF 30k

Swiss Franc

1

1

Yes

Luxembourg

FLUX 1.25M

Any

2

3

Yes

Luxembourg

FLUX 1.25M

Any

2

3

Yes

Madeira

ESC 400k

Escudo

Normally 2 (1 is possible)

1

No

Madeira

ESC 5M

Escudo

Normally 5 (1 is possible)

1

No

Malta

Lm 500

Any

ITC - one, IHC - two

1

Yes

Mauritius

$ 100k

Any

1

1

Yes

Mauritius

$ 100k

Any

Normally 2

2

No

Netherlands Antilles

$ 30k

Any

1

1

Yes

Netherlands Antilles

$ 30k

Any

1

1

Yes

Nevis

$ 100k

0

1

1

Yes

Niue

$ 50k

Any

1

1

Yes

Panama

$ 10k

Any

1

3

Yes

Samoa

$ 1M

Any

Nil

1

Yes

Seychelles

$ 5000

Any

1

1

Yes

Switzerland

Not applicable

CHF

1

1

No

Switzerland

Not applicable

CHF

1

1

No

Turks & Caicos

$ 5000

Any

1

1

Yes

UK Ltd

£ 1,000

Any

1

1

Yes

UK PLC

£ 50k minimum

Any

2

2

Yes

Vanuatu

None

Any

1

1

Yes

Note: For detailed information and clarification of taxation liabilities see jurisdiction information


[ Back to top ]


Jurisdiction

Local directors
required

Company secretary
required

Company seal
required

Public register
of directors

Public register
of shareholders

Bahamas

No

No

Yes

Optional

No

Belize

No

No

Yes

No

No

Bermuda

No

Yes- local

Optional

No

Yes

British Virgin Islands

No

No

Yes

No

Optional

Cayman Islands

No

No

No

No

No

Cook Islands

No

Yes

Optional

No

No

Cyprus

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Delaware - USA

Not applicable

Not applicable

Yes

Not applicable

No

Delaware - USA

No

Yes

Optional

No

No

Gibraltar

No

Yes

Optional

Yes

Yes

Gibraltar

No

No

Optional

Yes

Yes

Hong Kong

No

Yes - local

Yes

Yes

Yes

Ireland

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Isle of Man

Yes - one

Yes - local

Optional

Yes

Yes

Isle of Man

No

Yes

Optional

Yes

Yes

Jersey

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Liechtenstein

Yes - one

No

Optional

Yes

Yes

Liechtenstein

Yes - one

No

Optional

Yes

Yes

Luxembourg

No

No

Optional

Yes

No

Luxembourg

No

No

Optional

Yes

No

Madeira

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Madeira

No

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Malta

No

Yes - local

No

Yes

Yes

Mauritius

No

No

No

Optional

Optional

Mauritius

Yes - two

Yes - local

Yes

No

No

Netherlands Antilles

Yes - one

No

No

Yes

Yes

Netherlands Antilles

Yes - one

No

No

Yes

Yes

Nevis

No

Yes

Optional

No

No

Niue

No

No

Optional

No

Optional

Panama

No

Yes

Optional

Yes

Optional

Samoa

No

Yes

Optional

No

No

Seychelles

No

No

Optional

No

No

Switzerland

Yes - majority

No

No

Yes

No

Switzerland

Yes - one

No

No

Yes

Yes

Turks & Caicos

No

Yes

Optional

No

No

UK Ltd

No

Yes

Optional

Yes

Yes

UK PLC

No

Yes

Optional

Yes

Yes

Vanuatu

No

No

Optional

No

No

Note: For detailed information and clarification of taxation liabilities see jurisdiction information


[ Back to top ]


Jurisdiction

Location of
directors meetings

Location of
shareholders
meetings

Telephone board
meetings permitted

Double taxation
treaty access

Requirement to
submit accounts

Bahamas

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Belize

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Bermuda

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

British Virgin Islands

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Cayman Islands

Anywhere

Anywhere

No

No

No

Cook Islands

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No
(by resolution)

Cyprus

Anywhere

Anywhere

No

Yes

Yes

Delaware - USA

Anywhere

Anywhere

Not applicable

Yes

Yes

Delaware - USA

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Yes

Yes

Gibraltar

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Gibraltar

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Hong Kong

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

Yes

Ireland

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

Yes

Isle of Man

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Isle of Man

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Jersey

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Liechtenstein

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

Yes

Liechtenstein

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

Only Commercial Anstalt

Luxembourg

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Varies

Yes

Luxembourg

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Yes

Yes

Madeira

Anywhere

Madeira (by proxy)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Madeira

Madeira (by proxy)

Madeira (by proxy)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Malta

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Yes

Yes

Mauritius

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Mauritius

Mauritius

Mauritius

Yes

Yes

Yes

Netherlands Antilles

Anywhere

Netherlands Antilles
(by proxy)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Netherlands Antilles

Anywhere

Netherlands Antilles
(by proxy)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Nevis

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Niue

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Panama

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Samoa

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Seychelles

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Switzerland

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Varies

Yes

Switzerland

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Varies

Yes

Turks & Caicos

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

UK Ltd

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Yes

Yes

UK PLC

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

Yes

Yes

Vanuatu

Anywhere

Anywhere

Yes

No

No

Note: For detailed information and clarification of taxation liabilities see jurisdiction information


[ Back to top ]


Jurisdiction

Requirement to
file annual return

Change in
domicile permitted

Time Zone GMT +/-

Bahamas

No

Yes

-5

Belize

No

Yes

-6

Bermuda

No

No

-4

British Virgin Islands

No

Yes

-5

Cayman Islands

Yes

Yes

-5

Cook Islands

Yes

Yes

-10

Cyprus

Yes

No

2

Delaware - USA

Yes

No

-5

Delaware - USA

Yes

No

-5

Gibraltar

Yes

Yes

1

Gibraltar

Yes

Yes

1

Hong Kong

Yes

No

8

Ireland

Yes

No

GMT

Isle of Man

Yes

No

GMT

Isle of Man

Yes

No

GMT

Jersey

Yes

No

GMT

Liechtenstein

Yes

No

1

Liechtenstein

Yes

No

1

Luxembourg

Yes

Yes

1

Luxembourg

Yes

Yes

1

Madeira

Yes

Yes

GMT

Madeira

Yes

Yes

GMT

Malta

Yes

No

1

Mauritius

No

Yes

4

Mauritius

Yes

No

4

Netherlands Antilles

Yes

Yes

-4

Netherlands Antilles

Yes

Yes

-4

Nevis

No

Yes

-4

Niue

No

Yes

-11

Panama

No

Yes

-5

Samoa

No

Yes

-11

Seychelles

No

Yes

4

Switzerland

No

No

1

Switzerland

No

No

1

Turks & Caicos

Yes

Yes

-5

UK Ltd

Yes

No

GMT

UK PLC

Yes

No

GMT

Vanuatu

No

Yes

11

Note: For detailed information and clarification of taxation liabilities see jurisdiction information

[ Back to top ]

 

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